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Labs1) Charophytes and Bryophytes (Green alga & Moss)
2) Pterophytes (Ferns and Horsetail)Lab
Info: The Ferns reproduce by spores from which the free-living bisexual gametophyte generation develops, like the bryophytes. There are 12,000 species of ferns today, placed in the Division Pteridophyta. The fossil history of ferns shows them to have been a dominant plant group during the Paleozoic Era. Most ferns have pinnate leaves, exhibiting small leaflets on a frond. Ferns have megaphyllous leaves, which cause a leaf gap in the vascular cylinder of the stem/rhizome. The first ferns also appear by the end of the Devonian. (1) The vascular plants have specialized transporting cells xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) and phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant). When we think of plants we invariably picture vascular plants. Vascular plants tend to be larger and more complex than bryophytes. Vascular plants also demonstrate increased levels of organization by having organs and organ systems. (1) Characteristics: 1) Live on Land 2) Vascular 3) No Seeds - Has Spores that grow into small plants that are either male or female and the sperm has to swim from the make to the female plant - Requires water for reproduction.
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Flower PartsFlower FunctionThe petals attract pollinators, and the sepal and bract often support the flower. The ovary contains the female reproductive parts, and the stamens (the male reproductive system) store the pollen — though these two parts may have occurred in separate individuals in the ancestral flower. (6)
Characteristics: 1) Live on Land 2) Vascular 3) Seeds - held in flowers.
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eearth.tv
floraphoto.com.au
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Resources1) Plant evolution guide (blank)
Labs: 1) Charophyes and Bryophytes (Green alga and moss) 2) Pterophytes (ferns) and Gymnosperms (Conifers) 3) Angeosperms (flowering plants) |
Key PointsCladogramsCladograms are diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”. By depicting these relationships, cladograms reconstruct the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of the taxa. Cladograms can also be called “phylogenies” or “trees”.
Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their shared derived characteristics.
Changes happen over a long time.
This tree in words means that: 1) Plants started in water and moved to land 2) Once on land they were short and fat and could not move water 3) Later they acquired vascular tissue to move water and could then get taller. 4) Later seeds appear so that plants didn’t have to rely on water for reproduction and could move into drier habitats. Before seeds they used spores. 5) Later plants got flowers to attract pollinators. |